One viable resolution of the firewall puzzle is the “ER = EPR” counterargument as put forth by Maldacena and Susskind. The latter principle dictates that one encounters an approximately flat spacetime when falling through the horizon. This is because the loss of quantum monogamy would be no less costly than giving up the long-cherished equivalence principle of Einstein relativity. The firewall argument is based on an apparent violation of the quantum condition of “monogamy of entanglement” but is by no means generally accepted. Rather, the black hole horizon is surrounded by a high-energy barrier-or “firewall”-which thermalizes infalling matter on impact. However, a recent addition to this debate suggests that the information in question never does make it past the horizon. There once was a commonly held viewpoint that the information paradox could be resolved by virtue of a framework that is known-in the spirit of Bohr-as horizon or observer complementarity. This loss of information presents a direct challenge to the principles of quantum theory and, although it has been the subject of intense scrutiny, the puzzle continues to persist. A particularly notorious paradox is the apparent destruction of information when matter falls through a black hole horizon. One suddenly encounters paradoxes when standard concepts, which are taken for granted in other physical environments, are applied to a black hole and its surroundings. Introductionīlack holes have provided an alluring yet confusing arena for the study of physics. After reviewing these recent developments, this paper argues that the ER = EPR and final-state solutions can-thanks to observer complementarity-be seen as the same resolution of the paradox but from two different perspectives: inside and outside the black hole.

Differing points of view have been put forward, including the “ER = EPR” counterargument and the final-state solution, both of which can be viewed as potential resolutions to the apparent conflict between quantum monogamy and Einstein equivalence.

The crux of the updated argument is that previous solutions which relied on observer complementarity are in violation of the quantum condition of monogamy of entanglement, with the prescribed remedy being to discard the equivalence principle in favor of an energy barrier (or firewall) at the black hole horizon. Interest in the black hole information paradox has recently been catalyzed by the newer “firewall” argument.

No clone theorem